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Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
The amount of iron in the sample is then quantified and compared to normal, and evidence of liver damage, especially cirrhosis, is measured microscopically. Formerly, this was the only way to confirm a diagnosis of haemochromatosis, but measures of transferrin and ferritin along with a history are considered adequate in determining the presence ...
Iron can be stored in ferritin as ferric iron due to the ferroxidase activity of the ferritin heavy chain. [43] Dysfunctional ferritin may accumulate as hemosiderin, which can be problematic in cases of iron overload. [44] The ferritin storage iron pool is much larger than the labile iron pool, ranging in concentration from 0.7 mM to 3.6 mM. [40]
In chromatography, the retardation factor (R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. [1] In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor R F is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. [2]
Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen ...
The amino acids which bind the iron ion to the transferrin are identical for both lobes; two tyrosines, one histidine, and one aspartic acid. For the iron ion to bind, an anion is required, preferably carbonate (CO 2− 3). [18] [13] Transferrin also has a transferrin iron-bound receptor; it is a disulfide-linked homodimer. [16]
Iron plays many roles in human biology, specifically in oxygen transport, short-term oxygen storage, and metabolism [44] Iron also plays a role in the body's immune system. [4] Current biomedical research aims to use iron isotopes to better understand the speciation of iron in the body, with hopes of eventually being able to reduce the ...
Molecular biology – study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, with some cross over from biochemistry. Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules. Health sciences and human biology – biology of humans.