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Both of these were destroyed by fire during World War II. A synagogue was also built in Võru as shown in the records of Estonian Jewish historian Nathan Ganns. [3] The Jewish population spread to other Estonian cities where houses of prayer (at Valga, Pärnu and Viljandi) were erected and cemeteries were established.
The Holocaust in Estonia refers to Nazi crimes during the occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany. By the end of 1941 virtually all of the 950 to 1,000 Estonian Jews unable to escape Estonia before its Nazi occupation (25% of the total prewar Jewish population) were killed by German units such as Einsatzgruppe A and/or local collaborators.
Consequently, Jews from countries outside the Baltics were shipped there to be exterminated. Out of the approximately 4,300 Jews in Estonia before the war, between 950 and 1,000 were entrapped by the Nazis. [84] An estimated 10,000 Jews were killed in Estonia after having been deported to camps there from elsewhere in Eastern Europe. [85]
Vaivara was the largest of the 22 concentration and labor camps established in occupied Estonia by the Nazi regime during World War II. Some 20,000 Jewish prisoners passed through its gates, mostly from the Vilna and Kovno Ghettos, but also from Latvia, Poland, Hungary and the Theresienstadt concentration camp. Vaivara was one of the last camps ...
A timeline of the Holocaust is detailed in the events which are listed below. Also referred to as the Shoah (in Hebrew), the Holocaust was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Nazi Germany and its World War II collaborators. About 1.5 million of the victims were children.
The memorial was erected at the initiative of the Jewish Cultural Society and with the support of the Estonian Government. [4] In May 2005, Estonian Prime Minister Andrus Ansip visited Klooga and both condemned the Holocaust and expressed sorrow that some Estonian citizens were complicit in war crimes during World War II:
The Nazi German authorities exploited occupied Estonia for their war effort, and in 1941–1944 murdered tens of thousands of people (including indigenous ethnic Estonians, local Estonian Jews, Estonia's Romani people, Russians, Soviet prisoners of war, Jews from other countries, and others). [1]
The massive scale of the Holocaust which happened during World War II greatly affected the Jewish people and world public opinion, which only understood the dimensions of the Final Solution after the war. The genocide, known as HaShoah in Hebrew, aimed at the elimination of the Jewish people on the European continent.