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A chmod command first appeared in AT&T Unix version 1, along with the chmod system call. As systems grew in number and types of users, access-control lists [3] were added to many file systems in addition to these most basic modes to increase flexibility. The version of chmod bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David MacKenzie and Jim ...
To create a new environment without any existing environment variables for a new shell: env -i /bin/sh To execute the X application xcalc and have it appear on a different display (i.e., with a modified environment whether the specified environment variable is replaced with the new value):
The setuid and setgid flags have different effects, depending on whether they are applied to a file, to a directory or binary executable or non-binary executable file. The setuid and setgid flags have an effect only on binary executable files and not on scripts (e.g., Bash, Perl, Python). [3]
This is a list of commands from the GNU Core Utilities for Unix environments. These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. GNU Core Utilities include basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities. Coreutils includes all of the basic command-line tools that are expected in a POSIX system.
#!/usr/bin/env python3 – Execute with a Python interpreter, using the env program search path to find it #!/bin/false – Do nothing, but return a non-zero exit status , indicating failure. Used to prevent stand-alone execution of a script file intended for execution in a specific context, such as by the . command from sh/bash, source from ...
Macros in makefiles may be overridden in the command-line arguments passed to the Make utility. Environment variables are also available as macros. For example, the macro CC is frequently used in makefiles to refer to the location of a C compiler. If used consistently throughout the makefile, then the compiler used can be changed by changing ...
Any user may create a sticky directory. See chmod(1) for details about modifying file modes. Historically, an executable shareable file which had the sticky bit set was not immediately discarded from swap space after execution. The kernel hoarded the text segment of the file for future reuse, thus avoiding having to reload the program.
A shell script can provide a convenient variation of a system command where special environment settings, command options, or post-processing apply automatically, but in a way that allows the new script to still act as a fully normal Unix command. One example would be to create a version of ls, the command to list files, giving it a shorter ...