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Gonorrhoea or gonorrhea, colloquially known as the clap, [7] is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [8] Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum. [9] Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, [1] or from a mother to a child during birth. [1]
Gram stain of a vaginal swab showing gonococci (in pairs - arrow) inside polymorphonuclear granulocytes. In symptomatic women, the primary symptoms of genitourinary infection are increased vaginal discharge, burning with urination , increased urge to urinate, pain with intercourse, or menstrual abnormalities.
Gonorrhea can also cause pus-filled vaginal discharge, but gonorrhea is similarly asymptomatic in up to 50% of cases. [33] If the vaginal discharge is accompanied by pelvic pain, this is suggestive of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a condition in which the bacteria have moved up the reproductive tract. [33]
When they do show up in men, symptoms include a burning sensation when peeing; white, yellow or green discharge from the penis; and in some cases painful or swollen testicles, according to the CDC ...
Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear two to five days after contact with an infected partner; however, some men might not notice symptoms for up to a month. Symptoms in men include burning and pain while urinating, increased urinary frequency, discharge from the penis (white, green, or yellow in color), red or swollen urethra, swollen or tender ...
Signs and symptoms, when present, may include lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, fever, burning with urination, pain with sex, bleeding after sex, or irregular menstruation. [1] Untreated PID can result in long-term complications including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and cancer. [2] [3] [4]
Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome occurs almost exclusively in women, though it can be seen in males rarely. [5] It is complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Chlamydia) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) though other bacteria such as Bacteroides, Gardnerella, E. coli and Streptococcus have also been found to cause Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome on occasion. [6]
G. vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis, [17] which may be asymptomatic, [18] or may have symptoms including vaginal discharge, vaginal irritation, and a "fish-like" odor. In the amine whiff test , 10% KOH is added to the discharge; a positive result is indicated if a fishy smell is produced.