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VFR / VMC visibility requirements in the US. In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft.
[1] In some countries pilots are required to get an air traffic control (ATC) clearance, or in absence of a controller, advise the nearest flight service station or center. Pilots are required to adhere to VFR minima when climbing and descending over the clouds. Flight in cloud is not permitted. [1]
The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 meters (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky. [2] United Kingdom The vertical distance from the elevation of an aerodrome to the lowest part of any cloud visible from the aerodrome which is sufficient to obscure more than half of the sky. [3] United ...
Under visual meteorological conditions, the minimum visual range, distance from clouds, or cloud clearance requirements to be maintained above ground vary by jurisdiction, and may also vary according to the airspace in which the aircraft is operating. [4] In some countries, VFR flight is permitted at night, and is known as night VFR.
Scale of cloud cover measured in oktas (eighths) with the meteorological symbol for each okta. In meteorology, an okta is a unit of measurement used to describe the amount of cloud cover at any given location such as a weather station.
"Few" = 1–2 oktas SCT "Scattered" = 3–4 oktas BKN "Broken" = 5–7 oktas OVC "Overcast" = 8 oktas, i.e., full cloud coverage TCU Towering cumulus cloud, e.g., SCT016TCU CB Cumulonimbus cloud, e.g., FEW015CB VV "Vertical visibility" = clouds cannot be seen because of fog or heavy precipitation, so vertical visibility is given instead.
VFR over-the-top is different from VFR-on-top, in that VFR-on-top is an IFR clearance that allows the pilot to fly VFR altitudes, while VFR over-the-top is strictly a VFR operation in which the pilot maintains VFR cloud clearance requirements while operating on top of an undercast layer. [2]
ii. Broken down into geographical areas, and/or states; iii. Describes cloud and weather affecting VFR flight operations, including precipitation, thunderstorms, and sustained surface winds 20 Kts or greater. Also includes visibility when the forecast to visibility is between 3 and 6 SM and/or obstructions to visibility