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The related term flight time is defined by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) as "The total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight", and is referred to colloquially as "blocks to blocks" or "chocks to chocks" time. [1]
Cruise is the time period the aircraft travels to the target and returns after the loiter. [ citation needed ] In astronautics , the loiter phase [ clarification needed ] of spacecraft used for human spaceflight may be as long as six months, [ citation needed ] as is the case for Soyuz spacecraft which remain docked while expedition crewmembers ...
The fuel time limit for powered aircraft is fixed by the available fuel (considering reserve fuel requirements) and rate of consumption. Some aircraft can gain energy while airborne through the environment (e.g. collecting solar energy or through rising air currents from mechanical or thermal lifting) or from in-flight refueling.
The top of descent is usually calculated by an on-board flight management system, and is designed to provide the most economical descent to approach altitude, or to meet some other objective (fastest descent, greatest range, etc.). The top of descent may be calculated manually as long as distance, air speed, and current altitude are known.
At these times, the clock runs slower. Depending on the type of flight, tach time can be 10–20% less than Hobbs time. Many organizations, such as flying clubs, charge by tach time so as to differentiate themselves from fixed-base operators as 10–20% less time recorded makes it 10–20% cheaper to fly (if the hourly rate is the same). In the ...
In the air, the flight computer can be used to calculate ground speed, estimated fuel burn and updated estimated time of arrival. The back is designed for wind correction calculations, i.e., determining how much the wind is affecting one's speed and course. One of the most useful parts of the E6B, is the technique of finding distance over time.
Zubrin writes that faster routes have a significantly higher delta-v cost and free-return duration (e.g. transfer to Mars in 130 days takes 7.93 km/s delta-v and 4 years on the free return), and so he advocates for the 180-day transfer. [8] A free return is also the part of various other mission designs, such as Mars Semi-Direct and Inspiration ...
A number of aircraft incidents and accidents have occurred when the flex temp was incorrectly calculated or entered — for example, those involving Emirates Flight 407, US Airways flight 1702 and Thomas Cook Airlines [4] G-OJMC. [5] Modern procedures are designed to minimize that possibility.