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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
In Piedmontese and Lombard, gg is an etymological spelling representing an /tʃ/ at the end of a word which is the unvoicing of an ancient /dʒ/. gh is used in several languages. In English, it can be silent or represent /ɡ/ or /f/. See article. gi is used in Vietnamese for /z/ in northern dialects and /j/ in the southern
Most of the unusual correspondences between spelling and modern pronunciation are explained by Middle Vietnamese. Note in particular: de Rhodes' system has two different b letters, a regular b and a "hooked" b in which the upper section of the curved part of the b extends leftward past the vertical bar and curls down again in a semicircle.
/ ˈ d eɪ v ɪ s / Sometimes regular Death: DEETH / d iː θ / See footnote a. in article for pronunciation. De'Ath: dee-AHT / d i ˈ ɑː t / DeLaughter: dih-LAW-tər / d ɪ ˈ l ɔː t ər / Delevingne: del-ə-VEEN / d ɛ l ə ˈ v iː n / French-origin family name, as in Cara Delevingne: De Ros: də-ROOZ / d ə ˈ r uː z / Devere(a)ux: DEV ...
/ l ɪ v ʊ r ˈ n ɔɪ / Lodi: LOH-dy / ˈ l oʊ d aɪ / Lompoc: LOM-pohk / ˈ l ɒ m p oʊ k / Los Angeles: loss AN-jəl-əss / l ɒ s ˈ æ n dʒ əl ə s / Louisville: LOO-iss-vil / ˈ l uː ɪ s v ɪ l / Most places besides the one in Kentucky Louisville, Kentucky: LUV-əl / ˈ l ʌ v əl / ⓘ LOO-ə-vəl / ˈ l uː ə v əl ...
Each word in the spelling alphabet typically replaces the name of the letter with which it starts . It is used to spell out words when speaking to someone not able to see the speaker, or when the audio channel is not clear. The lack of high frequencies on standard telephones makes it hard to distinguish an 'F' from an 'S' for example. Also, the ...
Linguistic prescription is a part of a language standardization process. [20] The chief aim of linguistic prescription is to specify socially preferred language forms (either generally, as in Standard English, or in style and register) in a way that is easily taught and learned. [21]
However, the spelling of "Viet Nam" is formally recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the United Nations (UN) and the Vietnamese Government itself as the official, standardized and "accurate" country name, resulting in the systematic prioritization in the usage of this spelling by the Vietnamese state-powered ...