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  2. Vedanā - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanā

    Vedanā (Pāli and Sanskrit: वेदना) is an ancient term traditionally translated as either "feeling" [1] or "sensation." [2] In general, vedanā refers to the pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sensations that occur when our internal sense organs come into contact with external sense objects and the associated consciousness.

  3. Suffering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering

    Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, [1] may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual. [2] Suffering is the basic element that makes up the negative valence of affective phenomena .

  4. Balance (metaphysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_(metaphysics)

    In philosophy, the concept of moral balance exists in various forms, one of them is the golden mean, which has virtue being between the extreme and the lacking. [1] Greek philosophers—such as Plato, Aristotle, and the Pythagoreans (who related moral excellence with mathematical perfection)—applied the principle to ethics as well as politics.

  5. Negativity bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias

    The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.

  6. Perception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception

    [4] [5] Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). [5] The following process connects a person's concepts and expectations (or knowledge ) with restorative and selective mechanisms, such as attention , that influence perception.

  7. Duḥkha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duḥkha

    Duḥkha (/ ˈ d uː k ə /)(Sanskrit: दुःख; Pali: dukkha), "suffering", "pain," "unease," "unsatisfactoriness," is an important concept in Buddhism, Jainism ...

  8. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, [5] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects ...

  9. Ambivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambivalence

    The psychological literature has distinguished between several different forms of ambivalence. [4] One, often called subjective ambivalence or felt ambivalence, represents the psychological experience of conflict (affective manifestation), mixed feelings, mixed reactions (cognitive manifestation), and indecision (behavioral manifestation) in the evaluation of some object.