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The human hepatic portal system delivers about three-fourths of the blood going to the liver.The final common pathway for transport of venous blood from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract [2] (with the exception of the inferior part of the anal canal and sigmoid colon) is through the hepatic portal vein.
Portal hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure of the portal venous system is too high. It is often the result of cirrhosis of the liver. Liver cirrhosis can lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and vasodilation of portal system arteries, both of which increase pressure in the portal vein. [ 4 ]
It is a major component of the hepatic portal system, one of three portal venous systems in the human body; the others being the hypophyseal and renal portal systems. The portal vein is usually formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric , splenic veins , inferior mesenteric , left , right gastric veins and the pancreatic vein .
Portal venous systems. A portal venous system is a series of veins or venules that directly connect two capillary beds. The two systems in verebrates are the hepatic portal system, and the hypophyseal portal system. Anastomoses. An anastomosis is a joining of two structures such as blood vessels.
In histology (microscopic anatomy), the lobules of liver, or hepatic lobules, are small divisions of the liver defined at the microscopic scale. The hepatic lobule is a building block of the liver tissue, consisting of a portal triad, hepatocytes arranged in linear cords between a capillary network, and a central vein.
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Pulmonary vein anatomy is highly variable among atrial fibrillation patients. [5] Pulmonary vein isolation by transcatheter ablation can restore sinus rhythm . [ 4 ] As atrial fibrillation becomes more persistent, the junction between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium becomes less of an initiator and the left atrium becomes an independent ...
The bronchomediastinal lymph trunks are essential components of the lymphatic system, responsible for the efficient drainage of lymph from various thoracic structures, such as the lungs, heart, and trachea, to the venous system. This function is crucial for maintaining fluid balance, facilitating immune responses, and ensuring the clearance of ...