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A typical stress–strain curve for a brittle material will be linear. For some materials, such as concrete, tensile strength is negligible compared to the compressive strength and it is assumed to be zero for many engineering applications. Glass fibers have a tensile strength greater than that of steel, but bulk glass usually does not.
The strain can be decomposed into a recoverable elastic strain (ε e) and an inelastic strain (ε p). The stress at initial yield is σ 0 . Work hardening , also known as strain hardening , is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation.
The linear-elastic region is either below the yield point, or if a yield point is not easily identified on the stress–strain plot it is defined to be between 0 and 0.2% strain, and is defined as the region of strain in which no yielding (permanent deformation) occurs.
Stress–strain analysis (or stress analysis) is an engineering discipline that uses many methods to determine the stresses and strains in materials and structures subjected to forces. In continuum mechanics , stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other ...
Due to the power-law relationship between stress and plastic strain, the Ramberg–Osgood model implies that plastic strain is present even for very low levels of stress. Nevertheless, for low applied stresses and for the commonly used values of the material constants α {\displaystyle \alpha } and n {\displaystyle n} , the plastic strain ...
As for the tensile strength point, it is the maximal point in engineering stress–strain curve but is not a special point in true stress–strain curve. Because engineering stress is proportional to the force applied along the sample, the criterion for necking formation can be set as δ F = 0. {\displaystyle \delta F=0.}
The strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted , is a measured parameter that quantifies the ability of a material to become stronger due to strain hardening. Strain hardening (work hardening) is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity increases during plastic (permanent) strain , or ...
A complex dynamic modulus G can be used to represent the relations between the oscillating stress and strain: = ′ + ″ where =; ′ is the storage modulus and ″ is the loss modulus: ′ = ″ = where and are the amplitudes of stress and strain respectively, and is the phase shift between them.
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