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The symptoms of a sympathetic pheochromocytoma are related to sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. [10] The classic triad includes headaches (likely related to elevated blood pressure, or hypertension), tachycardia/elevated heart rate, and diaphoresis (excessive sweating, particularly at night, also known as hyperhidrosis). [7]
Catecholamines are produced mainly by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system. Dopamine, which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is largely produced in neuronal cell bodies in two areas of the brainstem: the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra, the latter of which contains neuromelanin ...
Serotonin, being a tryptamine (non-catecholamine) involved in higher brain functions, can cause dangerous hypertension and tachycardia from its effects on the sympathetic nervous system. [23] Symptoms caused by excessive adrenergic signalling can occur alongside those of serotonergic signalling.
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Pheochromocytoma (most common), a catecholamine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. [1] [5] Pheochromocytomas may generate sudden bursts of paroxysmal symptoms due to excess catecholamine secretion. In a classical presentation of these tumors, some symptoms that commonly occur are palpitations, sweating, and headaches; these last a variable ...
Excess catecholamines, when released directly by nerves that stimulate cardiac muscle cells, have a toxic effect and can lead to decreased cardiac muscular function or "stunning". [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Further, this adrenaline surge triggers the arteries to tighten , thereby raising blood pressure and placing more stress on the heart, and may lead to ...
Metirosine has been shown to suppress catecholamine synthesis and alleviate symptoms related to catecholamine excess, including hypertension, headache, tachycardia, constipation, and tremor. [12] Metirosine is primarily used to reduce these symptoms in patients with pheochromocytoma. [13]
Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. l -DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine , norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are collectively known as catecholamines .