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The Java Memory Model (JMM) defines the allowable behavior of multithreaded programs, and therefore describes when such reorderings are possible. It places execution-time constraints on the relationship between threads and main memory in order to achieve consistent and reliable Java applications.
The final revision of the proposed memory model, C++ n2429, [6] was accepted into the C++ draft standard at the October 2007 meeting in Kona. [7] The memory model was then included in the next C++ and C standards, C++11 and C11. [8] [9] The Rust programming language inherited most of C/C++'s memory model. [10]
[1] [4] Conversely, the memory order is called weak or relaxed when one thread cannot predict the order of operations arising from another thread. [1] [4] Many naïvely written parallel algorithms fail when compiled or executed with a weak memory order. [5] [6] The problem is most often solved by inserting memory barrier instructions into the ...
Example 4 is not processor consistent because R(y)3,R(x)1 in P2: for processor consistency it should be R(y)3,R(x)2 because W(x)2 is the latest write to x preceding W(y)3 in P1. This example cache consistent because P2 sees writes to individual memory locations in the order they were issued in P1.
The first process writes 1 to the memory location X and then it writes 1 to the memory location Y. The second process reads 1 from Y and it then reads 0 from X even though X was written before Y. Hutto, Phillip W., and Mustaque Ahamad (1990) [ 9 ] illustrate that by appropriate programming, slow memory (consistency) can be expressive and efficient.
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Bandwidth can be increasing by using large data bus path, data crossbar, memory interleaving (multi-bank parallel access) and out of order data transaction. The traffic can be reduced by using a cache that acts as a "filter" versus the shared memory, that is the cache is an essential element for shared-memory in SMP systems.