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Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life— Eukaryota , Archaea , and Bacteria —as well as viruses . [ 2 ]
Viral shunting helps maintain diversity within the microbial ecosystem by preventing a single species of marine microbe from dominating the micro-environment. [245] The DOM recycled by the viral shunt pathway is comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM.
Microbial biogeography is a subset of biogeography, a field that concerns the distribution of organisms across space and time. [1] Although biogeography traditionally focused on plants and larger animals, recent studies have broadened this field to include distribution patterns of microorganisms.
This information can then be used to study the species diversity and functional potential of the microbial community of the environment. [1] Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples by a method called sequencing.
They maintain fungus gardens as the colony's primary food source. While the fungus itself does not digest cellulose, a microbial community containing a diversity of bacteria is doing so. Analysis of the microbial population's genome revealed many genes with a role in cellulose digestion.
Hadal zone water column bacterial diversity is notably unique as compared to other ocean locations such as the abyssopelagic zone, with depth being a strong determinant in community composition. [25] Some of the most common bacterial taxa in the hadal aquatic environment are Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Gammaproteobacteria ...
In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and the multi-member microbiome.
The International Census of Marine Microbes is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that inventories microbial diversity by cataloging all known diversity of single-cell organisms including bacteria, Archaea, Protista, and associated viruses, exploring and discovering unknown microbial diversity, and placing that knowledge into ecological and evolutionary contexts.