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[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [6] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
Some research concludes that the wine gallon was originally meant to hold eight troy pounds of wine. [3] The 1707 British statute defines the wine gallon as 231 cubic inches (3,790 cm 3 ) – e.g. a cylinder 7 inches (178 mm) in diameter and 6 inches (152 mm) high, [ nb 1 ] c. 3.785 litre – and was used to measure the volume of wine and other ...
[7] [8] A US liquid gallon can contain about 3.785 kilograms or 8.34 pounds of water at 3.98 °C (39.16 °F), and is about 16.7% less than the imperial gallon. There are four quarts in a gallon, two pints in a quart and 16 US fluid ounces in a US pint , which makes the US fluid ounce equal to 1 / 128 of a US gallon.
[citation needed] Defined as 231 cubic inches, it differs from the later imperial gallon, but is equal to the United States customary gallon. Rundlet 18 wine gallons or 1 ⁄ 7 wine pipe Wine barrel 31.5 wine gallons or 1 ⁄ 2 wine hogshead Tierce 42 wine gallons, 1 ⁄ 2 puncheon or 1 ⁄ 3 wine pipe Wine hogshead 2 wine barrels, 63 wine ...
A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277 m 3). [citation needed] Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 52.5 imperial gallons (238.669725 L) (63 US gallons), while a hogshead of beer or ale came to be 54 gallons (249.5421 L with the pre-1824 beer and ale gallon, or 245.48886 L with the imperial gallon).
This made a Wine Gallon "Reputed Pint" equivalent to 2 ⁄ 3 US liquid pint (10.66 US fluid oz.), 11.09 imp. oz, or 315 mL. Although the Imperial system was introduced in 1824, bottles of ale or beer were still sold in Reputed Pints (13.3 imperial oz) but were now based on the Imperial gallon (based on the British Ale Gallon).
The US fluid ounce is based on the US gallon, which in turn is based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches that was used in the United Kingdom prior to 1824. With the adoption of the international inch, the US fluid ounce became 1 ⁄ 128 gal × 231 in 3 /gal × (2.54 cm/in) 3 = 29.5735295625 mL exactly, or about 4% larger than the imperial unit.
* For many years, the US standard (non-metric) wine and liquor bottle was the "fifth", meaning one-fifth of a US gallon, or 25.6 US fluid ounces (757 mL; 26.6 imp fl oz). Some beverages also came in tenth-gallon [12.8 US fluid ounces (379 mL; 13.3 imp fl oz)], eighth-gallon [1 US pint, or 16 US fluid ounces (473 mL; 16.7 imp fl oz)], sixth ...