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Cholera; Other names: Asiatic cholera, epidemic cholera [1] A person with severe dehydration due to cholera, causing sunken eyes and wrinkled hands and skin: Specialty: Infectious disease: Symptoms: Large amounts of watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps [2] [3] Complications: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance [2] Usual onset: 2 hours to 5 ...
Cholera is most likely to be found and spread in places with inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene. Other common vehicles include raw or undercooked fish and shellfish. Transmission from person to person is very unlikely, and casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill. [55]
Fecal–oral transmission is primarily considered as an indirect contact route through contaminated food or water. However, it can also operate through direct contact with feces or contaminated body parts, such as through anal sex. [2] [3] It can also operate through droplet or airborne transmission through the toilet plume from contaminated ...
Symptoms primarily observed include, watery diarrhea and vomiting that can cause dehydration and death if not treated. [9] An estimated 3-5 million cases of Cholera occur yearly around the world. [10] The exogenous bacteria derived infection is primarilyfound in Africa, Asia, as well as Central and South America. [9]
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the transmission of common infectious diseases such as typhoid, HIV, C. difficile, influenzas, cholera, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, [2] although the latter is often associated with "robust T-cell immunity" in more than a quarter of patients studied. [3]
The types of direct contact are through person to person and droplet spread. Indirect contact such as airborne transmission, contaminated objects, food and drinking water, animal person contact, animal reservoirs, insect bites, and environmental reservoirs are another way infectious diseases are transmitted.