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These molar pregnancies are categorized into two types: partial moles and complete moles, where the term 'mole' simply denotes a clump of growing tissue or a ‘growth'. A complete mole is caused by either a single sperm (90% of the time) or two sperm (10% of the time) combining with an egg that has lost its DNA.
Here, first a fertilised egg implants into the uterus, but some cells around the fetus (the chorionic villi) do not develop properly. The pregnancy is not viable, and the normal pregnancy process turns into a benign tumour. There are two subtypes of hydatidiform mole: complete hydatidiform mole, and partial hydatidiform mole. [citation needed]
Theca lutein cysts are associated with gestational trophoblastic disease (molar pregnancy), choriocarcinomas, and multiple gestations. [4] [5] In some cases, these cysts may also be associated with diabetes mellitus and alloimmunisation to Rh-D. They have rarely been associated with chronic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism. [6]
GTN often arises after molar pregnancies but can also occur after any gestation including miscarriages and term pregnancies. [6] Although risk factors may impact on the development of the tumor, most do not directly cause of disease. According to some studies, the risk of complete molar pregnancy is highest in women over age 35 and younger than 20.
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Pregnancy loss is a broad term that is used for miscarriage, ectopic and molar pregnancies. [31] The term foetal death applies variably in different countries and contexts, sometimes incorporating weight, and gestational age from 16 weeks in Norway, 20 weeks in the US and Australia, 24 weeks in the UK to 26 weeks in Italy and Spain.
Molar pregnancies come in two types, complete moles and partial moles. Complete moles occur when two sperm fertilize an empty egg, and a partial mole occurs when two sperm fertilize a normal egg. In a complete mole there is no fetus. In a partial mole there is a fetus, but it has an abnormal number of chromosomes and is incompatible with life.
Many organ systems are affected by triploidy, but the central nervous system and skeleton are the most severely affected: . Common central nervous system defects seen in triploidy include holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus (increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain), ventriculomegaly, Arnold–Chiari malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum and neural tube defects.