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Many species of mosquitoes are vectors of diseases, so important in medicine and other fields. [1] Well over 3,500 species of mosquitoes were found and described, and new species are about to discover. [2] Sri Lanka is home to 131 species of mosquitoes that included to 16 genera with 17 endemic species. [3] [4]
Sri Lanka is home to 131 species of mosquitoes that included to 16 genera with 17 endemic species. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Blowfly larvae, known as gentles , and other dipteran larvae, known more generally as maggots , are used as fishing bait and as food for carnivorous animals.
In 2017, Sri Lanka experienced its largest outbreak of dengue fever, a neglected tropical disease, since the first recorded case in 1962. [3] [4] [5] This biological hazard, transmitted via female mosquito bites, resulted in 186,101 dengue cases, a significant increase compared to previous years (see table below), and let to 440 deaths.
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A study conducted compared two species of mosquitoes An. subpictus and An. culicifacies and found that the An. culicifices species had a higher sporozoite rate of 1.8% as 13 of 716 collected insects were positive for the malaria sporozoite. [12]
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both mosquito species native to Sri Lanka. However, the disease did not emerge until the early 1960s. [3] Dengue was first serologically confirmed in the country in 1962. A Chikungunya outbreak followed in 1965. In the early 1970s two type of dengue dominated in Sri Lanka: DENV-1 type1 and DENV-2 type 2.
Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people contract mosquito-borne illnesses each year, resulting in more than a million deaths.
The caddisfly diversity in Sri Lanka is fairly studied from British times to present day. However, the first comprehensive work was done by Schmid in 1958. [32] Then in 1973, Malicky updated the checklist. [12] Currently 188 number of caddisfly species belongs to 18 families are identified from Sri Lanka. [11] [33] [34] [35] [36]