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The cone of Pinophyta (conifer clade) contains the reproductive structures. The woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds. The male cone, which produces pollen, is usually ephemeral and much less conspicuous even at full maturity. The name "cone" derives from Greek konos (pine cone), which also gave name to the geometric cone.
To fertilize the ovum, the male cone releases pollen that is carried in the wind to the female cone. This is pollination. (Male and female cones usually occur on the same plant.) The pollen fertilizes the female gamete (located in the female cone). Fertilization in some species does not occur until 15 months after pollination. [23]
The cones are 8–17 cm (3– 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 4–6 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) broad, dark purple before maturity; [4] [5] the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The brownish winged seeds are 3.5 mm (1 ⁄ 8 in) long [4] and released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6–7 months after pollination.
The seed cones are ovoid-cylindric, 2 to 5 cm (3 ⁄ 4 to 2 in) long, with 40 to 80 seed scales; each scale bearing an exserted 4 to 8 mm (3 ⁄ 16 to 5 ⁄ 16 in) bract. The cones are green [ 5 ] to reddish purple when immature, turning brown and the scales opening flat or reflexed to release the seeds when mature, four to six months after ...
Strobili are often called cones, but some botanists restrict the use of the term cone to the woody seed strobili of conifers. Strobili are characterized by a central axis (anatomically a stem ) surrounded by spirally arranged or decussate structures that may be modified leaves or modified stems .
The pollen cones are 0.25 inch (6 mm) long, produced on long spikes in early spring; they are only produced on trees growing in regions with hot summers. The cones are globose to ovoid, 0.6–1.0 inches (1.5–2.5 cm.) in diameter with 16–28 scales, arranged in opposite pairs in four rows, each pair at right angles to the adjacent pair; they ...
The order Pinales in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, comprises all the extant conifers. The distinguishing characteristic is the reproductive structure known as a cone produced by all Pinales. All of the extant conifers, such as Araucaria, cedar, celery-pine, cypress, fir, juniper, kauri, larch, pine, redwood, spruce, and yew, are ...
The female cones (seed), which mature in autumn about 18 months after pollination, are globose, large, 18–25 cm (7–10 in) in diameter, and hold about 100–150 seeds. The cones disintegrate at maturity to release the approximately 5 cm (2 in) long nut -like seeds, which are then dispersed by animals, notably the azure jay , Cyanocorax ...