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Mercury, being the closest to the Sun, with a weak magnetic field and the smallest mass of the recognized terrestrial planets, has a very tenuous and highly variable atmosphere (surface-bound exosphere) containing hydrogen, helium, oxygen, sodium, calcium, potassium and water vapor, with a combined pressure level of about 10 −14 bar (1 nPa). [2]
It would initially have had twice its present mass, but as the protosun contracted, temperatures near Mercury could have been between 2,500 and 3,500 K and possibly even as high as 10,000 K. [44] Much of Mercury's surface rock could have been vaporized at such temperatures, forming an atmosphere of "rock vapor" that could have been carried away ...
In order to land safely or enter a stable orbit the spacecraft must rely entirely on rocket motors because Mercury has negligible atmosphere. A direct trip to Mercury actually requires more rocket fuel than that required to escape the Solar System completely. As a result, only three space probes, Mariner 10, MESSENGER, and BepiColombo have ...
The current Venusian atmosphere has only ~200 mg/kg H 2 O(g) in its atmosphere and the pressure and temperature regime makes water unstable on its surface. Nevertheless, assuming that early Venus's H 2 O had a ratio between deuterium (heavy hydrogen, 2H) and hydrogen (1H) similar to Earth's Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water of 1.6×10 −4, [7] the current D/H ratio in the Venusian atmosphere ...
Mercury could have a thick underground layer of diamonds, scientists say. Some of the stones may have found their way to the surface, according to a recent study. Mercury could have an 11-mile ...
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a global magnetic field to protect its atmosphere, leaving it vulnerable to solar ultraviolet radiation. Scientists crack mystery of Mars' missing atmosphere ...
Different types of stars have varying amounts of solar wind and harmful radiation. These are the components that tend to strip a planet of its atmosphere in the first place. [2] For example, Mercury does not have an atmosphere because it is so close to the sun that the solar winds have stripped it from the planet.
Light has to pass through a larger part of the atmosphere when the sun is lower on the horizon. Red, orange and yellow have longer wavelengths, which means, in short, they have a better chance of ...