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Open-source intelligence (OSINT) are gathered from open sources. OSINT can be further segmented by the source type: Internet/General, Scientific/Technical, and various HUMINT specialties, e.g. trade shows, association meetings, and interviews.
Books such as Michael Bazzell's Open Source Intelligence Techniques serve as indices to resources across multiple domains but according the author, due to the rapidly changing information landscape, some tools and techniques change or become obsolete frequently, hence it is imperative for OSINT researchers to study, train and survey the ...
The Free Buryatia Foundation, which was founded in opposition to the invasion, has used open-source intelligence to try to track the number of Buryats killed in action in Ukraine. As of April 2022, the Foundation has estimated that around 2,8% of Russian casualties were Buryat, one of the highest death tolls among the Russian federal republics.
In a tactical role, a submarine might use acoustic sensors—active and passive sonar—to close in on a target or get away from a pursuer. Those same passive sonars may be used by a submarine, operating stealthily in a foreign harbor, to characterize the signature of a new submarine type. MASINT and technical intelligence (TECHINT) can overlap ...
In contrast, a materials MASINT analyst would collect information on the weapon principally through remote sensing directed on the enemy's use of the weapon. The materials MASINT analysis may learn more about the way the enemy actually uses the weapon, while the technical intelligence analyst may understand more about the manufacture ...
The Open Source Enterprise (OSE) is a United States Government organization dedicated to open-source intelligence. Initially part of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, it is now part of the Directorate of Digital Innovation at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Former iterations of the organization were the Open Source ...
The 9/11 Commission recommended an independent intelligence agency for open source. In 1996, the Aspin–Brown Commission, created after Congress failed to pass the National Security Act of 1992, recommended an overhaul of the Intelligence Community's approach to OSINT, finding that "Intelligence lags behind in terms of assimilating open source information into the analytical process", and ...
The NATO Open Source Intelligence Handbook is the standard reference available to the public. The other two NATO references are the NATO Open Source Intelligence Reader and the NATO Intelligence Exploitation of the Internet .