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  2. Method overriding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_overriding

    The overridden base method must be virtual, abstract, or override. In addition to the modifiers that are used for method overriding, C# allows the hiding of an inherited property or method. This is done using the same signature of a property or method but adding the modifier new in front of it. [6] In the above example, hiding causes the following:

  3. Comparison of programming languages (list comprehension)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Python uses the following syntax to express list comprehensions over finite lists: S = [ 2 * x for x in range ( 100 ) if x ** 2 > 3 ] A generator expression may be used in Python versions >= 2.4 which gives lazy evaluation over its input, and can be used with generators to iterate over 'infinite' input such as the count generator function which ...

  4. Operator overloading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_overloading

    Python allows operator overloading through the implementation of methods with special names. [48] For example, the addition (+) operator can be overloaded by implementing the method obj.__add__(self, other). Ruby allows operator overloading as syntactic sugar for simple method calls.

  5. Function overloading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_overloading

    The same function name is used for more than one function definition in a particular module, class or namespace; The functions must have different type signatures, i.e. differ in the number or the types of their formal parameters (as in C++) or additionally in their return type (as in Ada).

  6. Trait (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_(computer_programming)

    Operations which can be performed with traits include: [3] [4] symmetric sum: an operation that merges two disjoint traits to create a new trait; override (or asymmetric sum): an operation that forms a new trait by adding methods to an existing trait, possibly overriding some of its methods

  7. Ad hoc polymorphism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hoc_polymorphism

    In the fourth and fifth cases, list concatenation must be invoked. In the last case, string concatenation must be invoked. Thus, the name + actually refers to three or four completely different functions. This is an example of overloading or more specifically, operator overloading. Note the ambiguity in the string types used in the last case.

  8. Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction

  9. Liskov substitution principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liskov_substitution_principle

    Liskov substitution principle imposes some standard requirements on signatures that have been adopted in newer object-oriented programming languages (usually at the level of classes rather than types; see nominal vs. structural subtyping for the distinction): Contravariance of method parameter types in the subtype.