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Nergal (Sumerian: ð’€ð’„Šð’€•ð’ƒ² [1] d KIŠ.UNU or d GÌR.UNU.GAL; [2] Hebrew: × Öµ×¨Ö°×’Ö·×œ, Modern: NerÉ™gal, Tiberian: NÄ“rÉ™gal; Aramaic: Ü¢Ü¸ÜªÜ“Ü²Ü ; [3] Latin: Nirgal) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped through all periods of Mesopotamian history, from Early Dynastic to Neo-Babylonian times, with a few attestations indicating that his cult survived into the period of Achaemenid domination.
The mythology or religion of most cultures incorporate a god of death or, more frequently, a divine being closely associated with death, an afterlife, or an underworld. They are often amongst the most powerful and important entities in a given tradition, reflecting the fact that death, like birth , is central to the human experience.
Ugur was a Mesopotamian god associated with war and death, originally regarded as an attendant deity of Nergal. After the Old Babylonian period he was replaced in this role by Ishum, and in the Middle Babylonian period his name started to function as a logogram representing Nergal. Temples dedicated to him existed in Isin and Girsu.
In early accounts, her husband is Gugalanna, [140] whose character is undefined, but later the northern god Nergal was placed in this role. [140] [141] Her gatekeeper was the god Neti [141] and her sukkal was Namtar. [140] In the poem Inanna's Descent into the Underworld, Ereshkigal is described as Inanna's "older sister". [142]
In later times, Ereshkigal was believed to rule alongside her husband Nergal, the god of death. The major deities in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the god of the heavens, Enlil, the god of wind and storm, AnKi Enki, the god of water and human culture, Ninhursag , the goddess of fertility and the earth, Utu , the god of the sun and justice ...
Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing the god Dumuzid being tortured in the underworld by galla demons. The ancient Mesopotamian underworld (known in Sumerian as Kur, Irkalla, Kukku, Arali, or Kigal, and in Akkadian as Erá¹£etu), was the lowermost part of the ancient near eastern cosmos, roughly parallel to the region known as Tartarus from early Greek cosmology.
Although Nergal has no problem with respecting all the other warnings, the god succumbs to the temptation and lies with the goddess for six days. At the seventh, he escapes back to the upper world, which makes Ereshkigal upset. Namtar is then sent to bring Nergal back, but Ea disguises Nergal as a lesser god and Namtar is fooled.
He then seduces Ninlil and impregnates her with Nergal, the god of death. [58] The same scenario repeats, only this time Enlil instead impersonates the "man of the river of the nether world, the man-devouring river"; once again, he seduces Ninlil and impregnates her with the god Ninazu. [59]