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Somnifacient (from Latin somnus, sleep [1]), also known as sedatives or sleeping pills, is a class of medications that induces sleep. It is mainly used for treatment of insomnia. Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines, barbiturates and antihistamines. Around 2-6% of adults with insomnia use somnifacients to aid sleep. [2]
A subsequent 1990 study found that the elimination half-life of diphenhydramine was 5.4 hours in children, 9.2 hours in young adults, and 13.5 hours in the elderly. [7] A 1998 study found a half-life of 4.1 ± 0.3 hours in young men, 7.4 ± 3.0 hours in elderly men, 4.4 ± 0.3 hours in young women, and 4.9 ± 0.6 hours in elderly women. [82]
Suvorexant is used for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, in adults. [2] [6] At a dose of 15 to 20 mg and in terms of treatment–placebo difference, it reduces time to sleep onset by up to 10 minutes, reduces time awake after sleep onset by about 15 to 30 minutes, and increases total sleep time by about 10 to 20 minutes. [2]
In July 1975, the J. B. Williams Co. began marketing Sominex 2. [37] On November 24, 1975, Attorney General Evelle J. Younger filed suit on behalf of the State of California against Williams Co., stating that the product did not warn against use by pregnant or nursing women or persons with asthma or COPD, nor did it notify consumers that it should not be used in conjunction with alcohol. [38]
Benadryl Itch Stopping Cream is a topical cream used to provide temporary itch relief for allergies, hives or even some insect bites. It can be found in the United States and Canada. This topical medication contains 2% of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and 1% of zinc acetate. This medication is intended for topical use only and not to be ingested.
The medication has an elimination half-life of about 8 hours [1] or of 6 to 10 hours. [5] [7] The half-life of daridorexant may be longer in elderly individuals compared to young adults (9–10 hours in the elderly versus 6 hours in young adults). [7]
Doxepin is a medication belonging to the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) [10] class of drugs used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and insomnia. [10] [11] For hives it is a less preferred alternative to antihistamines. [10] It has a mild to moderate benefit for sleeping problems. [12]
Triazolam is usually used for short-term treatment of acute insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including jet lag. It is an ideal benzodiazepine for this use because of its fast onset of action and short half-life. It puts a person to sleep for about 1.5 hours, allowing its user to avoid morning drowsiness.