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Lawrence Kohlberg suggested that cognition comes before action and behavior (“I am a boy so I do boy-like things”). This emphasizes the importance of a child's understanding about gender roles and their permanent placement in it. After a child can fully grasp this concept, gender-specific information will become more relevant.
Gender roles are culturally influenced stereotypes which create expectations for appropriate behavior for males and females. [1] [2] [3] An understanding of these roles is evident in children as young as age four. [4] Children between 3 and 6 months can form distinctions between male and female faces. [5]
Information about child sexual behavior is gathered by observing children being treated for problematic behavior, such as use of force in sex play, [22] often using anatomically correct dolls; [23] Recollections by adults [24] and observation by caregivers. [25] Most published sexual research material emanates from the Western world. [26]
Between 4 and 6 years, the classic tripod grip develops and is made more efficient. Questioning at its height; Many infantile substitutions in speech; Dresses and undresses with assistance; Attends to own toilet needs; 5 years Skips on both feet and hops. Begins to be able to control balance not attained at 3–4 years of age [16]
Although there is a wide range of normal ages, females typically begin the process of puberty around age 10½; males at ages 11½—12. Puberty generally ends between 15—17 for females and 16–17 for males. [1] [2] [3] Females attain reproductive maturity about four years after the first physical changes of puberty appear. [13]
A toddler is a child approximately 1 to 3 years old, though definitions vary. [1] [2] [3] The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from "to toddle", which means to walk unsteadily, like a child of this age. [4]
The subtle characteristics of toys may differentially appeal to the developing brains of female and male children. [11] In a study of toy preferences of twelve- to 24-month-old infants, males spent more time looking at cars than females and females spent more time looking at dolls than males.
However, as of 2000, evidence suggested that cognitive and skill differences are present earlier in development. For example, researchers have found that three- and four-year-old boys were better at targeting and at mentally rotating figures within a clock face than girls of the same age. Prepubescent girls, however, excelled at recalling lists ...