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The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic ... In the context of politically active modern India, where job and school quotas are reserved for ...
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British rule.Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution, it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of reserved quotas or seats, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens".
In India, the Other Backward Caste (OBC) status invokes affirmative action which provides reserved quotas in education and government jobs.In Gujarat, 27% of the seats in government and education are reserved for OBC, 7.5% for Scheduled Castes and 15% for Scheduled Tribes for a total of 49.5% of all seats.
The main beneficiaries are the EBCs and OBCs, whose quota is proposed to be raised from 12% to 25% and 8% to 18% respectively. According to 2022 Bihar caste-based survey , 36.01% of the population are EBCs, and 27.13% are OBCs.For SCs, the proposed new quota is 20%, up from the existing 14%.
Patels, another caste in Gujarat, launch massive protests seeking reservation quotas. 10 August 2015; Rajasthan High Court strikes down the decision to include Bharatpur and Dholpur Jats in the State OBC list. January 2016; Sarva Jat Khap Panchayat of Jats prepares a plan to launch protests demanding reservation quota. 12 February 2016
Practically, it is an institution that portends tremendous consequences. It is a local problem, but one capable of much wider mischief, for "as long as caste in India does exist, Hindus will hardly intermarry or have any social intercourse with outsiders; and if Hindus migrate to other regions on earth, Indian caste would become a world problem ...
The evolution of the lower caste and tribe into the modern-day Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.
The British institutionalised caste into the workings of the major government institutions within India. The main benefactors of this indirect rule were the upper castes or forward castes, which maintained their hegemony and monopoly of control and influence over government institutes long after independence from the British.