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Trifolium wormskioldii is a species of clover [3] native to the western half of North America. Its common names include cows clover , [ 4 ] coast clover , sand clover , seaside clover , springbank clover , [ 5 ] and Wormskjold's clover .
The shamrock carries religious ties, while the four-leaf clover is considered a sign of luck due to its exceeding rarity. In fact, around one out of 10,000 clovers have four leaves.
Trifolium incarnatum, known as crimson clover [2] or Italian clover, is a species of herbaceous flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to most of Europe. It has been introduced to other areas, including the United States and Japan. This upright annual herb grows to 20–50 cm (8-20") tall, unbranched or branched only at the base.
The larvae, known as "chafer grubs" or "white grubs", hatch four to six weeks after being laid as eggs. They feed on plant roots, for instance potato roots. The grubs develop in the earth for three to four years, in colder climates even five years, and grow continually to a size of about 4–5 cm, before they pupate in early autumn and develop ...
Adult chafers eat the leaves and flowers of many deciduous trees, shrubs, and other plants. However, white grubs (reaching 40–45 mm long when full grown) live in the soil and feed on plant roots, especially those of grasses and cereals, and are occasional pests in pastures, nurseries, gardens, and golf courses. An obvious indication of ...
In late autumn and during winter, they retreat down from the top 5 cm of soil and burrow down between 50–200 mm into the soil. During this phase, the grubs undergo a colour change from grayish/white into a yellow/cream colour. Once they reach the appropriate depth, the grub empties its stomach and starts to form a smooth oval shaped cell.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (up to 545 kilograms per hectare per year (486 lb/acre/a) of N, [26] although usually much less, e.g. about 110 to 170 kilograms per hectare per year (98 to 152 lb/acre/a) [27]) in root nodules of white clover obviates synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use for maintaining productivity on much temperate zone pasture land.
The leaflets are arranged opposite with an odd terminal leaflet. The greenish white flowers are produced in large compound racemes of umbels 30–45 cm in diameter at the stem apex; each flower is 2–3 mm in diameter, and matures to small (3–5 mm) dark purple or black fruit, each berry containing 3–5 seeds. [2]