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Anterior tibial stress fractures can have a particularly poor prognosis and can require surgery. On radiographic imaging, these stress fractures are referred to as the "dreaded black line." [5] When compared to other stress fractures, anterior tibial fractures are more likely to progress to complete fracture of the tibia and displacement. [4]
March fracture is the fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsal bones occurring because of recurrent stress. It is more common in soldiers, but also occurs in hikers, organists, and other people whose duties entail much standing (such as hospital doctors).
V-shaped distal tibia fracture extending into the tibial plafond: Gosselin's fracture at TheFreeDictionary.com: Hangman's fracture: Hangman: fracture of both pedicles of C2: distraction and extension of neck: Hangman's fracture at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics online Hill–Sachs fracture: Harold Arthur Hill Maurice David Sachs
Shin splint pain is described as a recurring dull ache, sometimes becoming an intense pain, along the inner part of the lower two-thirds of the tibia. [4] The pain increases during exercise, and some individuals experience swelling in the pain area. [5] In contrast, stress fracture pain is localized to the fracture site. [6]
These fractures are sometimes called march fractures, based on their traditional association with military recruits after long marches. The second and third metatarsals are fixed while walking, thus these metatarsals are common sites of injury. The fifth metatarsal may be fractured if the foot is oversupinated during locomotion. [9]
Similar conditions include stress fractures and tendinitis. [1] Treatment may include physical therapy or, if that fails, surgery. [1] ACS is an emergency, and outcome largely depends on the time to diagnosis and treatment. [12] If treated within 3 hours, the prognosis is favorable. [12] Complications and permanent damage can occur. [13]
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a highly valuable imaging tool for the diagnosis of occult fractures. CT has several advantages including short acquisition time (compared to MRI), the ability to acquire volumetric and isotropic image data sets, the opportunity to reconstruct multiplanar reformations in any arbitrary plane, and excellent spatial resolution.
A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. [3]