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Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside . [1] [2] The term can also refer more generally to any organic molecule that contains amino sugar substructures.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
[9] [1] Amikacin works by blocking the function of the bacteria's 30S ribosomal subunit, making it unable to produce proteins. [9] Amikacin was patented in 1971, and came into commercial use in 1976. [11] [12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential ...
Serious side effects include ringing in the ears or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. [11] Ototoxicity is a common quality among aminoglycosides, and its rate of incidence in kanamycin is around 3-10%.
[32] [30] The gentamicin complex, is differentiated into five major components (C 1, C 1a, C 2, C 2a, C 2b) and multiple minor components by substitution at the 6' carbon of the purpurosamine unit indicated in the image to the right by R 1 and R 2. [32] [30] [33] [34] The R 1 and R 2 can have the follow substitutions for some of the species in ...
It is not recommended with streptomycin or other medications that may damage the auditory vestibular nerve. [1] It is not recommended during pregnancy as it may cause kidney or hearing problems in the baby. [1] Capreomycin is commonly grouped with the aminoglycoside family of medications. [2] How it works is unclear. [1]
Because necrosis is often not present, the term acute tubular injury (ATI) is preferred by pathologists over the older name acute tubular necrosis (ATN). [1] ATN presents with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is one of the most common causes of AKI. [2] Common causes of ATN include low blood pressure and use of nephrotoxic drugs. [2]