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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: ... List of boiling and freezing information of solvents.
Brine (or briny water) is a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride) in water.In diverse contexts, brine may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature).
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Boiling-point elevation is the phenomenon whereby the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. This happens whenever a non-volatile solute, such as a salt, is added to a pure solvent, such as water.
A 52% solution of potassium formate has a freezing point of −60 °C (−76 °F). [7] Potassium formate brines are sometimes used for heat transfer, despite being much more corrosive than many other liquid coolants, especially to zinc and aluminum but even to many steels, [8] though some formulations are compatible with aluminum and steels. [9]
The concentration of the solution can be determined by knowing the number of particles present in it, which can be done by determining the freezing point of the solution. When particles are dissolved in a solution, their freezing point is lowered compared to that of the original solvent. A further increase in the solute decreases the freezing ...
The freezing point is the temperature at which the liquid solvent and solid solvent are at equilibrium, so that their vapor pressures are equal. When a non-volatile solute is added to a volatile liquid solvent, the solution vapour pressure will be lower than that of the pure solvent.
One proposed explanation [1]: 367 is that Rømer initially intended the 0-degree point of his scale to correspond to the eutectic temperature of ammonium chloride brine, which was the coldest easily-reproducible temperature at the time and had already been used as the lower fiducial point for multiple temperature scales.