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Brine (or briny water) is a high-concentration solution of salt (typically sodium chloride or calcium chloride) in water.In diverse contexts, brine may refer to the salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% (a typical concentration of seawater, on the lower end of that of solutions used for brining foods) up to about 26% (a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature).
Boiling point (°C) K b (°C⋅kg/mol) Freezing point (°C) K f (°C⋅kg/mol) Data source; Aniline: 184.3 3.69 –5.96 –5.87 K b & K f [1] Lauric acid: 298.9 44 ...
A 52% solution of potassium formate has a freezing point of −60 °C (−76 °F). [7] Potassium formate brines are sometimes used for heat transfer, despite being much more corrosive than many other liquid coolants, especially to zinc and aluminum but even to many steels, [8] though some formulations are compatible with aluminum and steels. [9]
The brine-rich water remains liquid, and its increased density causes this water to sink, setting the stage for the creation of a "brinicle". Its outer edges begin accumulating a layer of ice as the surrounding water, cooled by this jet to below its freezing point, ices up in a tubular or finger shape and becomes self-sustaining.
In the technical terms of physical chemistry, the minimum freezing point of a water-salt mixture is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt. Freezing near this concentration is however so slow that the eutectic point of −22.4 °C (−8.3 °F) can be reached with about 25 wt% of salt.
Freezing point of brine [a] 255.37 K 459.67 °Ra 0 °F −17.78 °C −14.224 °Ré Freezing point of water [b] 273.15 K 491.67 °Ra 32 °F 0 °C 0 °Ré Boiling point of water [c] 373.1339 K 671.64102 °Ra 211.97102 °F 99.9839 °C: 79.98712 °Ré
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Cryogenicists use the Kelvin or Rankine temperature scale, both of which measure from absolute zero, rather than more usual scales such as Celsius which measures from the freezing point of water at sea level [9] [10] or Fahrenheit which measures from the freezing point of a particular brine solution at sea level. [11] [12]