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In medicine, pleocytosis (or pleiocytosis) is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion, "more"), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, such as cerebrospinal fluid. [1] It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid. [2]
Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections.
Chronic meningitis is defined by signs and symptoms being present longer than four weeks and includes pleocytosis, or the presence of inflammatory cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. [2] The initial test is usually a lumbar puncture to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is usually considered to be a sign of infection or inflammation within the nervous system , and is encountered in a number of neurological diseases , such as pseudomigraine, Susac's syndrome, and encephalitis.
It can also be the result of colonization by intracellular neutrophilic parasites. [ citation needed ] In alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency , the important neutrophil elastase is not adequately inhibited by alpha 1-antitrypsin , leading to excessive tissue damage in the presence of inflammation – the most prominent one being emphysema .
In medicine, granulocytosis is the presence of an increased number of granulocytes in the peripheral blood.Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count (neutrophilia), but granulocytosis formally refers to the combination of neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and basophilia. [1]
This is a shortened version of the fourth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs.It covers ICD codes 280 to 289.The full chapter can be found on pages 167 to 175 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
The name "white blood cell" derives from the physical appearance of a blood sample after centrifugation.White cells are found in the buffy coat, a thin, typically white layer of nucleated cells between the sedimented red blood cells and the blood plasma.