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Confuciusornis is a genus of basal crow-sized avialan from the Early Cretaceous Period of the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. Like modern birds, Confuciusornis had a toothless beak, but closer and later relatives of modern birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis were toothed, indicating that ...
Confuciusornithidae was first named by Hou et al. in 1995 to contain the type genus, Confuciusornis, and assigned to the monotypic clade Confuciusornithiformes within the class Aves. [2] The group was given a phylogenetic definition by Chiappe, in 1999, who defined a node-based clade Confuciusornithidae to include only Changchengornis and ...
Universal numbering system. This is a dental practitioner view, so tooth number 1, the rear upper tooth on the patient's right, appears on the left of the chart. The Universal Numbering System, sometimes called the "American System", is a dental notation system commonly used in the United States. [1] [2]
The system uses two numbers to define each tooth. One to specify the quadrant, and one to specify the tooth within that quadrant. Orientation of the chart is traditionally "dentist's view", i.e. patient's right corresponds to notation chart left. The designations "left" and "right" on the chart below correspond to the patient's left and right.
Pygostylia has been recovered as being within the clade Avebrevicauda.Avebrevicauda (meaning "birds with short tails") is a group of birds which includes all avialan species with ten or fewer free vertebrae in the tail.
The uppercase letters A through T are used for primary teeth and the numbers 1 – 32 are used for permanent teeth. The tooth designated "1" is the maxillary right third molar ("wisdom tooth") and the count continues along the upper teeth to the left side. Then the count begins at the mandibular left third molar, designated number 17, and ...
A diagram of generalized tribosphenic molars with notable features labelled. Upper left molar in pink, lower left molar in blue. Mesial (forwards) is to the left. Teeth are depicted in left lateral view (left side and center of the image) or occlusal view (right side of the image).
Eoconfuciusornis a genus of extinct avialan that lived 131 Ma ago, in the Early Cretaceous of China. [1] It is the oldest known bird to have a beak. [2]The type species of Eoconfuciusornis, Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, was named and described by Zhang Fucheng, Zhou Zhonghe and Michael Benton in 2008.