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Contemporary transcendental philosophy is developed by German philosopher Harald Holz with a holistic approach. Holz distanced transcendental philosophy from the convergence of neo-Kantianism. He critically discussed transcendental pragmatism and the relation between transcendental philosophy, neo-empiricism, and so-called postmodernism.
Aristotle's substance theory (being a substance belongs to being qua being) has been interpreted as a theory of transcendentals. [3] Aristotle discusses only unity ("One") explicitly because it is the only transcendental intrinsically related to being, whereas truth and goodness relate to rational creatures. [4]
Transcendental apperception is the uniting and building of coherent consciousness out of different elementary inner experiences (differing in both time and topic, but all belonging to self-consciousness). For example, the experience of "passing of time" relies on this transcendental unity of apperception, according to Kant.
Several psychologists, including Viktor Frankl, [3] Abraham Maslow, [4] and Pamela G. Reed [5] have made contributions to the theory of self-transcendence. Self-transcendence is distinctive as the first trait-concept of a spiritual nature to be incorporated into a major theory of personality. [6]
The philosophy of self examines the idea of the self at a conceptual level. Many different ideas on what constitutes self have been proposed, including the self being an activity, the self being independent of the senses, the bundle theory of the self, the self as a narrative center of gravity, and the self as a linguistic or social construct rather than a physical entity.
In philosophy, transcendence refers to an understanding of the mind's innate ability to process sensory evidence, [8] employed as a theoretical perspective to define the structures of being as a framework to analyse the emergence and validation of knowledge. [9] According to Kantian philosophy, transcendental philosophy is defined a priori. [4]
Transcendentalism is a philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the New England region of the United States. [1] [2] [3] A core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature, [1] and while society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent.
Transcendental is the philosophy that makes us aware of the fact that the first and essential laws of this world that are presented to us are rooted in our brain and are therefore known a priori. It is called transcendental because it goes beyond the whole given phantasmagoria to the origin thereof.