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  2. Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    assert(expression) invariant() { expression} Eiffel f require tag: expression do end: f do ensure tag: expression end: f do check tag: expression end end: class X invariant tag: expression end: from instructions invariant tag: expression until expr loop instructions variant tag: expression end: Python — PHP Perl Raku PRE {condition } POST ...

  3. pytest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytest

    Pytest is a Python testing framework that originated from the PyPy project. It can be used to write various types of software tests, including unit tests, integration tests, end-to-end tests, and functional tests.

  4. Hamcrest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamcrest

    assert_equal (x, y); assert_not_equal (x, y); But this leads to an explosion in the number of assertion macros, as the above set is expanded to support comparisons different from simple equality. So "third generation" unit test frameworks use a library such as Hamcrest to support an 'assert_that' operator that can be combined with 'matcher ...

  5. Assertion (software development) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertion_(software...

    Assertions are often enabled during development and disabled during final testing and on release to the customer. Not checking assertions avoids the cost of evaluating the assertions while (assuming the assertions are free of side effects) still producing the same result under normal conditions. Under abnormal conditions, disabling assertion ...

  6. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...

  7. Bitap algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitap_algorithm

    The bitap algorithm (also known as the shift-or, shift-and or Baeza-Yates-Gonnet algorithm) is an approximate string matching algorithm. The algorithm tells whether a given text contains a substring which is "approximately equal" to a given pattern, where approximate equality is defined in terms of Levenshtein distance – if the substring and pattern are within a given distance k of each ...

  8. Fuzzing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing

    In programming and software development, fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program.

  9. Z3 Theorem Prover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z3_Theorem_Prover

    In this example propositional logic assertions are checked using functions to represent the propositions a and b. The following Z3 script checks to see if a ∧ b ¯ ≡ a ¯ ∨ b ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {a\land b}}\equiv {\overline {a}}\lor {\overline {b}}} :