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Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is termed Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis, and listed as a disease in ICD11. [6] [7] More than 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic and it has been postulated that it may play an important role in the natural stomach ecology. [17]
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, even the stomach, although it's a rare presentation. Its main feature is inflammatory ulcers that can affect the total thickness of the stomach wall and can bleed but rarely perforate. Symptoms include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
When gastritis persists in a chronic state, it is associated with several diseases, including atrophic gastritis, pyloric stenosis, and gastric cancer. Another common condition is gastric ulceration, peptic ulcers. Ulceration erodes the gastric mucosa, which protects the tissue of the stomach from the stomach acids.
It can be caused by persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori, or can be autoimmune in origin. Those with autoimmune atrophic gastritis ( Type A gastritis ) are statistically more likely to develop gastric carcinoma (a form of stomach cancer ), Hashimoto's thyroiditis , and achlorhydria .
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About half of cases are due to peptic ulcer disease (gastric or duodenal ulcers). [3] Esophageal inflammation and erosive disease are the next most common causes. [3] In those with liver cirrhosis, 50–60% of bleeding is due to esophageal varices. [3] Approximately half of those with peptic ulcers have an H. pylori infection. [3]
Related diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) system (including gastritis, gastroenteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis) may involve inflammation of the stomach and large intestine. Duodenitis , jejunitis, and ileitis are subtypes of enteritis which are localised to a specific part of the small intestine.
[6] [7] One explanation is that endoscopists unfamiliar with their appearance can miss the lesions [10] [15] [17] However, in the original description of Cameron lesions [1] they were found in less than half the patients despite careful search, and no other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. were seen.