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Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD for short) is the use of pharmacometric models with computer software to optimize drug dosage for an individual patient. [1]Developed in the late 1960s under the impetus of clinical pharmacologists such as Lewis Sheiner and Roger Jelliffe, these approaches involve applying the equations and parameters describing a drug's pharmacokinetics and ...
The therapeutic ratio in radiotherapy for cancer treatment is determined by the maximum radiation dose for killing cancer cells and the minimum radiation dose causing acute or late morbidity in cells of normal tissues. [13] Both of these parameters have sigmoidal dose–response curves. Thus, a favorable outcome in dose–response for tumor ...
Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. [6] [9] It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a suppository, injected intramuscularly, injected intravenously, applied to the skin topically, or through eye drops.
NSAID identification on label of generic ibuprofen, an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1] [3] (NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots.
Example of some 200 mg ibuprofen tablets A 150 ml bottle (100 mg/5 ml dosage) of ibuprofen, sold in Greece. Ibuprofen is used primarily to treat fever (including postvaccination fever), mild to moderate pain (including pain relief after surgery), painful menstruation, osteoarthritis, dental pain, headaches, and pain from kidney stones.
[8] A 2017 Cochrane systematic review investigating ketoprofen as a single-dose by mouth in acute, moderate-to-severe postoperative pain concluded that its efficacy is equivalent to drugs such as ibuprofen and diclofenac. [9] There is evidence supporting topical ketoprofen for osteoarthritis but not other chronic musculoskeletal pain. [10]
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
There was an average BSA of 1.73 m 2 for 3,000 cancer patients from 1990 to 1998 in a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) database. [19] During 2005 there was an average BSA of 1.79 m 2 for 3,613 adult cancer patients in the UK. Among them the average BSA for men was 1.91 m 2 and for women was 1.71 m 2. [20]