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Weight is measured in ounces and pounds (avoirdupois) as in the U.S. Volume is measured in imperial gallons , quarts , pints , fluid ounces , fluid drachms , and minims . The imperial gallon was originally defined as 10 pounds (4.5359 kg) of water in 1824, and refined as exactly 4.54609 litres in 1985.
For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
The avoirdupois weight system is thought to have come into use in England around 1300. [citation needed] It was originally used for weighing wool. In the early 14th century several other specialized weight systems were used, including the weight system of the Hanseatic League with a 16-ounce pound of 7200 grains and an 8-ounce mark.
In US customary units, most units of volume exist both in a dry and a liquid version, with the same name, but different values: the dry hogshead, dry barrel, dry gallon, dry quart, dry pint, etc. The bushel and the peck are only used for dry goods. Imperial units of volume are the same for both dry and liquid goods. They have a different value ...
The teaspoon, tablespoon, and cup are defined in terms of a fluid ounce as 1 ⁄ 6, 1 ⁄ 2, and 8 fluid ounces respectively. The fluid ounce derives its name originally from being the volume of one ounce avoirdupois of water, [ 21 ] but in the US it is defined as 1 ⁄ 128 of a US gallon.
2 dessertspoons = 1 tablespoon tablespoon (mouthful) tbsp. or T., rarely tbls. 1 ⁄ 2 fluid ounce or 20 mL [10] most common size: 5 fl dr or 20 mL [17] 4 fluidrachm or 16 mL, [11] or 15 mL [18] (actual range: 12.8–15.6 mL [12]) 1/2 fl oz or 15 mL [13] [15] 1 ⁄ 2: 2 tablespoons = 1 handful handful (fluid ounce, finger) m. (for manipulus ...
The unit of measurement varies by region: a United States liquid tablespoon is approximately 14·8mL (exactly 1 ⁄ 2 US fluid ounce; about 0·52 imperial fluid ounce), a British tablespoon is approximately 14·2mL (exactly 1 ⁄ 2 imperial fluid ounce; about 0·48 US fluid ounce), an international metric tablespoon is exactly 15mL (about 0·53 ...
The nutrient or mineral content of foods, animal feeds or plant tissues are often expressed on a dry matter basis, i.e. as a proportion of the total dry matter in the material. For example, a 138-gram apple contains 84% water (116 g water and 22 g dry matter per apple). [ 5 ]