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Based on their disproportionate dwarfism, some dog breeds traditionally have been classified as "achondroplastic". This is the case for the dachshund , basset hound , corgi and bulldog breeds. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Data from whole genome association studies in short-limbed dogs reveal a strong association of this trait with a retro-gene coding ...
Kniest dysplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused by a mutation in the COL2A1 gene on chromosome 12. [1] The COL2A1 gene is responsible for producing type II collagen.The mutation of COL2A1 gene leads to abnormal skeletal growth and problems with hearing and vision.
The effect can be induced through human intervention or non-human processes, and can include genetic, nutritional or hormonal means. Used most specifically, dwarfing includes pathogenic changes in the structure of an organism (for example, the bulldog, a genetically achondroplastic dog breed), in contrast to non-pathogenic proportional ...
Dwarfism in Cats In cats, dwarfism has similar causes as what produces the conditions in human beings, being caused both by genetic disorders and by pituitary malfunctions.
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To avoid a potential "lethal dose", both parents can be genetically tested. If a child is conceived with another carrier the outcome may be lethal, or the child may suffer from chondrodystrophy or dwarfism. [3] This means that even though both parents are completely normal in height, the child will have one of the two types of skeletal dysplasia.
In areas of the body with predictable structures (e.g. the head), segmentation (where tissue is categorised using the MRI image data), or "atlas" methods can be used. In atlas methods a standard MR image, with associated CT attenuation data, can be warped to fit the actual patient anatomy.
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