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The high cost of alloy wheels makes them attractive to thieves; to counter this, automakers and dealers often use locking lug nuts or bolts which require a special key to remove. Most alloy wheels are manufactured using casting, but some are forged. Forged wheels are usually lighter, stronger, but much more expensive than cast wheels.
Wheel alignment, which is sometimes referred to as breaking or tracking, is part of standard automobile maintenance that consists of adjusting the angles of wheels to the car manufacturer specifications. [1] The purpose of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without "pulling" to one ...
[dubious – discuss] [citation needed] Older style (non-ferrous) alloy wheels use nuts with a 13 to 25 mm (1 ⁄ 2 to 1 in) cylindrical shank slipping into the wheel to center it and a washer that applies pressure to clamp the wheel to the axle. Wheel lug nuts may have different shapes.
Two-armed wheel truing stand One-armed wheel truing stand. A wheel truing stand is a specialized tool for "truing" (straightening) bicycle wheels. [1] [2] Individual models differ slightly, but all consist of an axle stand on which the wheel can rotate and calipers, to measure slight deviations of the wheel's rim from ideal alignment.
A compact spanner for multiple sizes, historically used as a cheap DIY tool for bicycles when they used nuts or bolts, rather than the more modern allen bolt fittings: specialty spoke wrench: nipple wrench spoke key: A wrench with a clearance slot for a wire wheel spoke such as on a bicycle wheel and a drive head for the adjustment nipple nut.
With lug bolts, on the other hand, the whole hub usually has to be replaced in case of stripped threads in the hub. One motivation for using lug bolts instead of wheel studs and nuts the number of parts that needs to be attached to the wheel hub. Wheel studs and lug nuts consist of two parts, while the lug bolt is a single part.
The bolt pattern is 5x112 (12 mm x 1.5 lugs), with an offset range of 30–40 mm, a wheel size range of 16"x6.0" to 20"x8.5". This is the same bolt pattern as most Mercedes, including the previous E-Class (W124).
On steering wheels for cars utilizing bolt circles, this usually measures 6×70 mm. [3] Some racing wheels attach to the car via a quick release hub, [4] and this hub then usually has a corresponding bolt circle of 6×70 mm. Example of other less used patterns include: 3×1.75 in (44.45 mm), 5×2.75 in (69.85 mm), 6×74 mm and 6×2.75 in (69.85 mm).