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However, also the nonlinear Kerr effect occurs; the refractive index of a material at a given frequency depends on the light's amplitude or strength. If the pulse has just the right shape, the Kerr effect exactly cancels the dispersion effect and the pulse's shape does not change over time. Thus, the pulse is a soliton.
High harmonic generation in krypton.This technology is one of the most used techniques to generate attosecond bursts of light. Attosecond physics, also known as attophysics, or more generally attosecond science, is a branch of physics that deals with light-matter interaction phenomena wherein attosecond (10 −18 s) photon pulses are used to unravel dynamical processes in matter with ...
Figure 1: A pulse reaching the end of the medium, the end point is free. The successive positions of the pulse is drawn black, red, green, blue, black, red, green. The final green curve is the initial curve of figure 2. Figure 2: The reflection of the pulse. The successive positions of the pulse is drawn green, blue, black, red, green, blue.
Ferromagnetism: A state of matter with spontaneous magnetization. Antiferromagnetism: A state of matter in which the neighboring spin are antiparallel with each other, and there is no net magnetization. Ferrimagnetism: A state in which local moments partially cancel. Altermagnetism: A state with zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic ...
Forms of matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces can also be considered different states of matter. Superfluids (like Fermionic condensate) and the quark–gluon plasma are examples. In a chemical equation, the state of matter of the chemicals may be shown as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and (g) for gas.
While the channel is in the inactive state, it will not open in response to depolarization. The period when the majority of sodium channels remain in the inactive state is the absolute refractory period. After this period, there are enough voltage-activated sodium channels in the closed (active) state to respond to depolarization.
Natural frequency, measured in terms of eigenfrequency, is the rate at which an oscillatory system tends to oscillate in the absence of disturbance. A foundational example pertains to simple harmonic oscillators, such as an idealized spring with no energy loss wherein the system exhibits constant-amplitude oscillations with a constant frequency.
Pierre Agostini (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ aɡɔstini]; born 23 July 1941) is a French experimental physicist and Emeritus professor at the Ohio State University in the United States, known for his pioneering work in strong-field laser physics and attosecond science. [1]