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A "tsetse suitability index" was developed from insect population growth, climate and geospatial data to simulate the fly's population steady state. An increase in the tsetse suitability index was associated with a statistically significant weakening of the agriculture, levels of urbanization, institutions and subsistence strategies.
Glossina fuscipes is a riverine fly species in the genus Glossina, which are commonly known as tsetse flies. [1] Typically found in sub-Saharan Africa [2] but with a small Arabian range, [3] G. fuscipes is a regional vector of African trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness, that causes significant rates of morbidity and mortality among humans and livestock. [4]
The campaign works to eradicate the tsetse vector population levels and subsequently the protozoan disease, by use of insecticide-impregnated targets, fly traps, insecticide-treated cattle, ultra-low dose aerial/ground spraying (SAT) of tsetse resting sites and the sterile insect technique (SIT). [32]
A population of between 20 and 100 was identified in South Africa and preserved by establishing the Umfolozi Junction Reserve and Hluhluwe Reserve, which are now parts of the Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park. [7] Historically, tsetse flies carrying the nagana disease protected the area from colonial hunters.
G. morsitans is found in East Africa and Equatorial Africa. [1] [9]It is the tsetse species that is presently reported from the highest number of African countries, [10] i.e. at least 22 including: Angola, Burkina Faso, [11] Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, [12] Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, Mali, [13] Mozambique, Nigeria, [14] Rwanda ...
However, all flies are susceptible to extremes in temperature (outside of the 16-40 degree Celsius range). Furthermore, trypanosomes are only able to reproduce in tsetse flies between the 25 to 30 Celsius range. These factors mean that only a minority of tsetse flies, around 20 percent, are estimated to carry trypanosomes. [12]
The tsetse fly’s transmission biology was studied to learn how it transmits the disease. This was done inn order to find the best way to use paratransgenesis, which could help solve transmission. In this case, paratransgenesis was used to create trypanocides which stop the transmission of trypanosomes in the tsetse fly vector. [4]
Larger flies such as tsetse flies and screwworms cause ... to undertake long flights in response to aphid population spurts. [57] Males of fly species such as ...