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Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec (Quechua: Pachakutiy Inka Yupanki), was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu). Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti. [2]
' fortress of the royal falcon or hawk ') [1] [2] [3] is a citadel on the northern outskirts of the city of Cusco, Peru, the historic capital of the Inca Empire. The site is at an altitude of 3,701 metres (12,142 ft). The complex was built by the Incas in the 15th century, particularly under Sapa Inca Pachacuti and his successors. [4]
However the large majority of reliable sources say that Atahualpa was the son of a woman from the panaka of Pachacuti. [13] [7] [14] [15] Therefore, the conflict was most likely a conflict between the panakas. [6] According to the French historian Henri Favre the panaka of Topa Inca was in the Hurin (low) part of Cusco.
The Kingdom of Cusco (sometimes spelled Cuzco and in Quechua Qosqo or Qusqu), also called the Cusco confederation, [2] was a small kingdom based in the Andean city of Cusco that began as a small city-state founded by the Incas around the start of 13th century.
Pachacuti" is an appellation created from pacha, equilibrium, and kuti, an act of overturning; Pachacuti was, therefore, someone whose dynamism and power changed the balance in the world. [4] The Sapa Inca was conceptualized as divine and was effectively head of the state religion. Only the Willaq Umu (or Chief Priest) was second to the emperor.
Capac Yupanqui was sent by Pachacuti to the central Peruvian coast in order to conquer the Chincha. [3] [4] [5] Years later the Sapa Inka sent his brother to various campaigns to the north of Cusco. [6] During these campaigns he conquered the Cajamarca region, ruled by the chiefdom of Guzmango, accidentally starting a war with Chimor. [7] [8] [1]
[5] [6] In addition to Pisac the other royal estates that Pachacuti is considered to have established were Ollantaytambo and Machu Picchu (conquest of the Vilcabamba Valley). [7] The Cuyos had been implicated in a conspiracy to kill Pachacuti, which was put down so ruthlessly that most of the Cuyos were killed.
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