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  2. History of sundials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sundials

    [11] [12] Sundials existed in China since ancient times, but very little is known of their history. It is known that the ancient Chinese developed a form of sundials c. 800 BCE, and the sundials eventually evolved to very sophisticated water clocks by 1000 CE, and sometime in the Song dynasty (1000–1400 CE), a compass would sometimes also be ...

  3. History of timekeeping devices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_timekeeping_devices

    The invention of the verge and foliot escapement in c.1275 [87] was one of the most important inventions in both the history of the clock [88] and the history of technology. [89] It was the first type of regulator in horology. [6] A verge, or vertical shaft, is forced to rotate by a weight-driven crown wheel, but is stopped from rotating freely ...

  4. Timeline of meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_meteorology

    The timeline of meteorology contains events of scientific and technological advancements in the area of atmospheric sciences. The most notable advancements in observational meteorology , weather forecasting , climatology , atmospheric chemistry , and atmospheric physics are listed chronologically.

  5. Meteorological instrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_instrumentation

    Remote sensing instruments collect data from weather events some distance from the instrument and typically stores the data where the instrument is located and often transmits the data at defined intervals to central data centers. In 1441, King Sejong's son, Prince Munjong, invented the first standardized rain gauge.

  6. Sunshine recorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshine_recorder

    The other instrument is a Marvin sunshine recorder. Older recorders required a human observer to interpret the results; recorded results might differ among observers. Modern sunshine recorders use electronics and computers for precise data that do not depend on a human interpreter. Newer recorders can also measure the global and diffuse radiation.

  7. Sunset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset

    Actual sunset: Two minutes before the Sun disappears below the horizon. Sunset (or sundown) is the disappearance of the Sun at the end of the Sun path, below the horizon of the Earth (or any other astronomical object in the Solar System) due to its rotation.

  8. Paleoclimatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoclimatology

    An influence of life has to be taken into account rather soon in the history of the atmosphere because hints of early life forms have been dated to as early as 3.5 to 4.3 billion years ago. [21] The fact that it is not perfectly in line with the 30% lower solar radiance (compared to today) of the early Sun has been described as the " faint ...

  9. Timeline of Solar System astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System...

    28 BCE – Chinese history book Book of Han makes earliest known dated record of sunspot. [34] c. 150 CE – Claudius Ptolemy completes his work Almagest, that codifies the astronomical knowledge of his time and cements the geocentric model in the West, and it remained the most authoritative text on astronomy for more than 1,500 years.