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Engine sheds in the UK were equipped with sand drying stoves, so that sandboxes could be refilled each morning with dry sand. Steam locomotives in the US had a single sandbox, called a sand dome, atop the boiler where the rising heat helped to dry the sand. Even with this arrangement, sand pipes tended to clog, and by the 1880s, pneumatic ...
The square-topped Belpaire firebox allows steam to be conveniently collected at its top corners and therefore locomotives with Belpaire fireboxes often dispensed with a dome, for example express engines such as the GWR Castle Class (the large brass boiler fitting on a Castle is the distinctive GWR safety valve cover, not a dome).
Electrical generator driven by a small steam turbine, for the headlight and other locomotive lighting. [3]: 29 Sand dome Holds sand that is directed on to the rail in front of the driving wheels to improve traction, especially in wet or icy conditions or when vegetation is on the line, and on steep gradients. [2] [5] [6]: 118 [3]: 68
To increase the adhesion and improve performance, PRR enlarged the sand dome on the S1. It ensured the supply of sand for steam sanding and slightly increased the axle load above the first and second set axle. The S1 was partially de-skirted in 1942 to improve the visibility of the reciprocating parts for the crews and better operation. [25]
The axle load of this locomotive was about 10 t (see first photo). Later batches (from 1887) had a steam dome, and the admission pipes were located in the smokebox. Due to the addition of the steam dome, the location of the sand box and sanders were changed. In addition the quantities of water and coal that could be carried were increased.
The locomotive's tender would be filled with fuel and water, the locomotive's sand dome would be filled, and the engine would be placed above an inspection pit so that workers could inspect it for any maintenance needs, like wear on its brake shoes and wheels. The engine's many moving parts would also be thoroughly lubricated, although this ...
On delivery, the locomotives had Kobel chimneys to suppress flying embers. They were later replaced by tall, conical chimneys. The locomotives had a riveted plate metal frame. The three-ring long boiler had a distance of 3.30 m (10 ft 10 in) between the tube plates. The steam dome was on the first boiler ring, the sand dome on the second.
It had steam and sand domes that appeared comparatively square in profile and lacked the common, ornate, cast-iron dome "rings," a decorative molding that dressed up the appearance of such domes and that many 19th century locomotives sported.