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  2. Calcium Lime Rust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_Lime_Rust

    Calcium Lime Rust, more commonly known as CLR, is a household cleaning product used for dissolving stains, such as calcium, lime, and iron oxide deposits. Ingredients [ edit ]

  3. Stone sealer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_sealer

    Efflorescence is usually the result of mineral solutions in the capillary channels being drawn to the surface. If the water evaporates, the minerals remain as the so-called efflorescence. It also can be the result of chemical reaction; if badly prepared cement-based mortar is applied to maintain the stone in position, free calcium hydroxide may ...

  4. Fireplace fireback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireplace_fireback

    The primary functions of a fireback are to protect the wall at the back of the fireplace and radiate heat from the fire into the room. The protection was especially important where the wall was constructed of insubstantial material such as daub (a mud and straw mixture coating interwoven wooden wattles), brick or soft stone.

  5. Efflorescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efflorescence

    Primary efflorescence is named such, as it typically occurs during the initial cure of a cementitious product. It often occurs on masonry construction, particularly brick, as well as some firestop mortars, when water moving through a wall or other structure, or water being driven out as a result of the heat of hydration as cement stone is being formed, brings salts to the surface that are not ...

  6. Chimney breast - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_breast

    A brick chimney breast. A chimney breast is a portion of a chimney which projects forward from a wall to accommodate a fireplace. [1] Typically on the ground floor of a structure, the masonry extends upwards, containing a flue which carries smoke out of the building through a chimney stack. [2]

  7. Concrete degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_degradation

    Example of secondary efflorescence in parking garage exposed to diluted road salt from vehicles entering the garage during winter. When water flows through cracks present in concrete, water may dissolve various minerals present in the hardened cement paste or in the aggregates, if the solution is unsaturated with respect to them.

  8. Lime mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_mortar

    This reduces the compressive strength of the mortar but allows the wall system to function better. The lime mortar acts as a wick that helps to pull water from the brick. This can help to prevent the older brick from spalling. Even when the brick is a modern, harder element, repointing with a higher ratio lime mortar may help to reduce rising damp.

  9. Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_attack_in_concrete...

    When it reacts with concrete, it causes the slab to expand, lifting, distorting and cracking as well as exerting a pressure onto the surrounding walls which can cause movements significantly weakening the structure. Some infill materials frequently encountered in building fondations and causing sulfate attack are the following: [2] Red Ash

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