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The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
This yields Kirchhoff's law: α λ = ε λ {\displaystyle \alpha _{\lambda }=\varepsilon _{\lambda }} By a similar, but more complicated argument, it can be shown that, since black-body radiation is equal in every direction (isotropic), the emissivity and the absorptivity, if they happen to be dependent on direction, must again be equal for any ...
Kirchhoff's laws, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, may refer to: Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electrical engineering; Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation; Kirchhoff equations in fluid dynamics; Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy; Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry; Kirchhoff's theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph
Sieverts's law, in physical metallurgy, is a rule to predict the solubility of gases in metals. Named after German chemist Adolf Sieverts (1874–1947). Smeed's law is an empirical rule relating traffic fatalities to traffic congestion as measured by the proxy of motor vehicle registrations and country population. After R. J. Smeed.
Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of nodal analysis. In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents.
The benefit of the through and across analogy is that when the through Hamiltonian variable is chosen to be a conserved quantity, Kirchhoff's node rule can be used, and the model will have the same topology as the real system. Thus, in the electrical domain the across variable is voltage and the through variable is current.
The various voltages in a circuit can be computed using Kirchhoff's circuit laws. When talking about alternating current (AC) there is a difference between instantaneous voltage and average voltage. Instantaneous voltages can be added for direct current (DC) and AC, but average voltages can be meaningfully added only when they apply to signals ...
In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid. = + + +, = + +, = (~ +) = ^, = ^ where and are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point , respectively; ~ is the moment of inertia tensor, is the body's mass; ^ is a unit normal vector to the surface of the body at the point ; is a pressure at this point ...