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Frontal bossing is the development of an unusually pronounced forehead which may also be associated with a heavier than normal brow ridge. It is caused by enlargement of the frontal bone , often in conjunction with abnormal enlargement of other facial bones , skull , mandible , and bones of the hands and feet.
Compensatory growth occurs forward at the coronal suture and backward at the lambdoid suture giving respectively a prominent forehead, called frontal bossing, and a prominent back portion of the head, called coning. [10] [11] This is the most common form of craniosynostosis. [13]
The Type III forehead is the most common situation and occurs in more than 90% of patients. The forehead, in this situation, has a prominent bossing across the top of the brows, and that bossing is overly projected. A frontal sinus is present. The thinness of the sinus precludes using exclusively rotary instruments to thin the bone.
The compensatory head-growth forward at the coronal suture gives a prominent forehead, frontal bossing and a prominent back of the head, called coning. [5] The incidence of scaphocephaly is 2.8 per 10,000 births in the Netherlands; therefore, it is the most common form of craniosynostosis. [6] [7]
Paget's disease affecting the skull may cause frontal bossing, increased hat size, and headaches. Often patients may develop loss of hearing in one or both ears [ 7 ] due to auditory foramen narrowing and resultant compression of the nerves in the inner ear.
Features of this condition include, by area affected: [1] [3] Head or neck: convex nasal ridge, delayed tooth eruption, dental crowding, dental malocclusion, depressed nasal bridge, downslanted palpebral fissures, flat forehead, high forehead, high palate, mandibular prognathia, midface retrusion, narrow palate, sloping forehead, supernumerary teeth, and wide nose
Cranial sutures. A defining characteristic of Crouzon syndrome is craniosynostosis, which results in an abnormal head shape.This is present in combinations of: frontal bossing, trigonocephaly (fusion of the metopic suture), brachycephaly (fusion of the coronal suture), dolichocephaly (fusion of the sagittal suture), plagiocephaly (unilateral premature closure of lambdoid and coronal sutures ...
Other features can include an enlarged head with prominent forehead (frontal bossing) [3] and underdevelopment of the midface (midface hypoplasia). [6] Complications can include sleep apnea or recurrent ear infections. [3] Achondroplasia includes the extremely rare short-limb skeletal dysplasia with severe combined immunodeficiency.