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Treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis involves antibiotics as well as surgery. Removal of the kidney is the best surgical treatment in the overwhelming majority of cases, although polar resection (partial nephrectomy) has been effective for some people with localized disease.
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), fosfomycin, and pivmecillinam are currently the first-line agents for empiric therapy of simple cystitis. [4] On the other hand, the choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy for pyelonephritis depends on the severity of illness, specific host factors, and the presence of resistant bacteria.
In the EU, cefepime/enmetazobactam is indicated for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis; [2] hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia; [2] and the treatment of people with bacteremia that occurs in association with, or is suspected to be associated with, any of the ...
Fosfomycin can be used as an effective treatment for both UTIs and complicated UTIs including acute pyelonephritis. [87] The standard regimen for complicated UTIs is an oral 3g dose administered once every 48 or 72 hours for a total of 3 doses or a 6 grams every 8 hours for 7 days to 14 days when fosfomycin is given in IV form.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within seven days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.
These drugs were widely used as a first-line treatment for many infections, including very commons ones such as acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, and uncomplicated UTIs. [85] Reports of serious adverse events began emerging, and the FDA first added a black-box warning to fluoroquinolones in July 2008 for the increased risk of tendinitis and ...
Uses of nitrofurantoin include the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) and prophylaxis against UTIs in people prone to recurrent UTIs. [9] It is a first-line therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis. [21] It is not recommended for empiric treatment of hospital-acquired UTIs. [21]
Norepinephrine (Levophed) is the most common first-line vasopressor for people who don't respond well to other hypotension treatments such as fluid resuscitation. Atropine is administered for bradycardia. It acts on the vagus nerve so it's not effective in heart transplant patients as the vagus nerve is severed during the transplant.