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Female alder catkins after shedding their seeds Alnus serrulata male catkins. Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.The genus includes about 35 species [2] of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
A. glutinosa is a tree that thrives in moist soils, and grows under favourable circumstances to a height of 20 to 30 metres (66 to 98 feet) and exceptionally up to 37 m (121 ft). [4] Young trees have an upright habit of growth with a main axial stem but older trees develop an arched crown with crooked branches.
In addition to its use as a nitrogen fixer, red alder is occasionally used as a rotation crop to discourage the conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii (causing laminated root rot). Alnus rubra are occasionally planted as ornamental trees and will do well in Swales , riparian areas, or on stream banks, in light-textured soils that drain well.
Alder is an excellent tree for coppicing [13] and pollarding. Its cut branches may be fed to browsing livestock such as cows and goats, then used for kindling, firewood, or light construction - while root systems fertilize adjacent agricultural plots via nitrogen fixation.
Alnus serrulata is a large shrub or small tree that may grow up to 2.5–4 m (8.2–13.1 ft) high and 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter. The scientific name originates from alnus which is an old name for alder; serrulata points to the finely-toothed leaf margins which it possesses. It takes about 10 yrs to mature.
Alnus alnobetula is a common tree widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. [2] Many sources refer to it as Alnus viridis, the green alder, but botanically this is considered an illegitimate name synonymous with Alnus alnobetula subsp. fruticosa. [3]
Frankia Root Nodule from Alder Tree (Alnus) All nitrogen fixing plants are classified under the "Nitrogen-Fixing Clade", [6] which consists of the three actinorhizal plant orders, as well as the order fabales. The most well-known nitrogen fixing plants are the legumes, but they are not classified as actinorhizal plants.
Frankia alni forms a symbiotic relationship exclusively with trees in the genus Alnus.These are widely distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. One species, Alnus glutinosa, is also found in Africa and another, the Andean alder, Alnus acuminata, extends down the mountainous spine of Central and South America as far as Argentina.
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