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Japonica rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica), sometimes called sinica rice, is one of the two major domestic types of Asian rice varieties. Japonica rice is extensively cultivated and consumed in East Asia, whereas in most other regions indica rice is the dominant type of rice. Japonica rice originated from Central China, where it was first ...
Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (uruchimai) and glutinous rice (mochigome). Ordinary Japanese rice, or uruchimai ( 粳米 ) , is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, [2] is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.
Koshihikari (Japanese: コシヒカリ, 越光, Hepburn: Koshihikari) is a popular cultivar of Japonica rice cultivated in Japan as well as Australia and the United States. Koshihikari was first created in 1956 by combining 2 different strains of Nourin No.1 and Nourin No.22 at the Fukui Prefectural Agricultural Research Facility.
Rice can come in many shapes, colours and sizes. This is a list of rice cultivars, also known as rice varieties.There are several species of grain called rice. [1] Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies (indica and japonica) and over 40,000 varieties. [2]
Improved varieties of japonica rice are grown in almost all prefectures in the country. The most widely planted variety is Koshihikari. [2] The average rice field acreage of a Japanese farmer is very small and rice production is highly mechanized. Due to small farms, rice production is considered a part-time occupation by many farmers.
A multidisciplinary study using rice genome sequences indicate that tropical japonica rice was pushed southwards from China after a global cooling event (the 4.2-kiloyear event) that occurred approximately 4,200 years ago. [18] Possible language family homelands, and likely routes of early rice transfer (ca. 3500 to 500 BC).
Both indica and japonica forms of Asian rice sprang from a single domestication event in China from the wild rice Oryza rufipogon. [22] [21] Despite this evidence, it appears that indica rice arose when japonica arrived in India about 4,500 years ago and hybridised with another rice, whether an undomesticated proto-indica or wild O. nivara. [23]
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